-
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Step-by-Step Guide to Installing MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04
- Configuring MariaDB 11 for Enhanced Security on Ubuntu Server
- Setting Up Secure User Accounts in MariaDB 11
- Enabling SSL for Secure MariaDB 11 Connections on Ubuntu
- Hardening MariaDB 11 Configuration on an Ubuntu 18.04 Server
- Automating MariaDB 11 Backups for Security on Ubuntu Systems
- Tuning and Optimizing MariaDB 11 Performance on Ubuntu 18.04
- Troubleshooting Common MariaDB 11 Installation Issues on Ubuntu Server
- Conclusion
“Secure Your Data with Ease: Install and Configure MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 Server”
Introduction
Installing and configuring MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 requires following a series of steps to ensure the database system is secure and functioning correctly. MariaDB is a popular open-source relational database management system that is a fork of MySQL. It is designed to be highly compatible with MySQL, meaning that commands, interfaces, libraries, and APIs are mostly interchangeable.
Before proceeding with the installation, it is important to ensure that your system is up to date and that you have administrative privileges. The process involves installing the MariaDB server package, securing the installation, and making necessary configurations for optimal performance and security.
Please note that as of my knowledge cutoff in early 2023, MariaDB 11 has not been released. The latest stable version available is MariaDB 10.6. However, the following instructions can be adapted for future versions of MariaDB when they become available.
Step-by-Step Guide to Installing MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04
Title: How to Install and Configure Secure MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 Server
Installing MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server is a straightforward process that can significantly enhance your database management capabilities. MariaDB is a popular open-source database management system that is recognized for its performance, reliability, and ease of use. This step-by-step guide will walk you through the installation and secure configuration of MariaDB 11 on your Ubuntu server.
Firstly, before initiating the installation process, it is essential to update the package index on your Ubuntu system. To do this, open a terminal window and execute the following command:
“`bash
sudo apt update
“`
This command ensures that you have the latest updates for all your packages, which is crucial for security and performance reasons. Once the package index is updated, you can proceed to install the MariaDB server package. Run the following command to install MariaDB 11:
“`bash
sudo apt install mariadb-server
“`
The system will prompt you to confirm the installation. Press ‘Y’ and then ‘Enter’ to proceed. The installation process will begin, and it may take a few minutes to complete. After the installation is finished, the MariaDB service should start automatically. You can verify that the service is running by typing:
“`bash
sudo systemctl status mariadb
“`
With MariaDB installed, the next step is to secure your installation. MariaDB comes with a script called `mysql_secure_installation` that helps you improve the security of your database system. Run the script by entering:
“`bash
sudo mysql_secure_installation
“`
The script will guide you through several security settings. You will be prompted to set a root password if one hasn’t been set already. It’s crucial to choose a strong, unique password to protect your database. The script will also ask you to remove anonymous users, disallow root login remotely, remove the test database, and reload privilege tables. It is generally recommended to answer ‘Y’ (yes) to all these questions to ensure a secure installation.
After securing your MariaDB installation, it’s time to configure it to your needs. The main configuration file for MariaDB is located at `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`. You can edit this file with your preferred text editor, such as nano or vim. For example, to edit the file with nano, you would use the command:
“`bash
sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
“`
Within this configuration file, you can adjust various settings such as bind-address, port, and character set. It’s important to make changes carefully and to understand the implications of each setting. After making any changes, save the file and exit the editor.
To apply the new configuration settings, restart the MariaDB service with the following command:
“`bash
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
“`
Finally, to ensure that MariaDB starts on boot, enable the service to run at startup using:
“`bash
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
“`
Congratulations! You have successfully installed and configured MariaDB 11 on your Ubuntu 18.04 server. Your database system is now more secure and ready for you to create databases, users, and tables as per your requirements. Remember to regularly update your system and MariaDB package to maintain security and stability. With these steps completed, you can now leverage the power and flexibility of MariaDB for your data management needs.
Configuring MariaDB 11 for Enhanced Security on Ubuntu Server
MariaDB 11, the latest iteration of the popular open-source database management system, offers a plethora of features and improvements over its predecessors, including enhanced security measures. When deploying MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server, it is crucial to not only install it correctly but also to configure it for heightened security to protect sensitive data and ensure the integrity of your database operations.
To begin the installation process, you must first update the package index on your Ubuntu server using the command `sudo apt update`. Once the package lists are updated, you can proceed to install the MariaDB server package with `sudo apt install mariadb-server`. This command will fetch and install the latest version of MariaDB along with its dependencies. After the installation is complete, it’s recommended to run the included security script by executing `sudo mysql_secure_installation`. This script will guide you through several security-related configurations, such as setting a strong root password, removing anonymous users, and disallowing remote root login.
Following the initial security setup, further hardening of your MariaDB installation is advisable. One of the first steps is to ensure that all database users have strong, unique passwords. This can be enforced by editing the MariaDB configuration file, typically located at `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`. Within this file, you can set password complexity requirements by adding directives under the `[mysqld]` section, such as `password_validation_policy` and `password_validation_length`, to enforce strong passwords.
Moreover, it is essential to manage user privileges carefully. Grant only the necessary permissions to each user, and avoid using the root account for routine database operations. Instead, create specific user accounts for different roles and tasks using the `CREATE USER` and `GRANT` SQL statements. This principle of least privilege reduces the risk of unauthorized access or accidental changes to critical database components.
Another critical aspect of securing your MariaDB installation is to ensure that communication between the server and clients is encrypted. To achieve this, you can configure MariaDB to use SSL/TLS for connections by generating a set of SSL certificates and specifying their paths in the configuration file under the `[mysqld]` section with the `ssl-ca`, `ssl-cert`, and `ssl-key` directives. This encryption helps protect data in transit from eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks.
Regularly updating your MariaDB server is also a key security practice. Updates often include patches for known vulnerabilities, so keeping your server up-to-date minimizes the risk of exploitation. You can manage updates using the `sudo apt update` and `sudo apt upgrade` commands to ensure your system has the latest security fixes.
Lastly, it’s important to monitor your MariaDB server for unauthorized access attempts and unusual activity. This can be done by reviewing the MariaDB logs, which are typically located in `/var/log/mysql/`. Regular log analysis can help you identify potential security breaches and take timely action to mitigate any threats.
In conclusion, installing and configuring MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server involves a series of steps that are critical for maintaining a secure database environment. By setting strong passwords, managing user privileges, encrypting connections, keeping the server updated, and monitoring logs, you can significantly enhance the security of your MariaDB installation. These measures, when implemented diligently, will help safeguard your data and ensure a robust and secure database system for your applications.
Setting Up Secure User Accounts in MariaDB 11
MariaDB 11, the latest iteration of the popular open-source database management system, offers a plethora of features and improvements over its predecessors, including enhanced security measures. When deploying MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server, it is crucial to ensure that user accounts are set up securely to protect sensitive data and maintain the integrity of your database system. This article will guide you through the process of installing and configuring secure user accounts in MariaDB 11.
The installation of MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 begins with updating the system’s package list. This can be done by executing the command `sudo apt update` in the terminal. Once the package list is updated, you can install MariaDB 11 by running `sudo apt install mariadb-server`. During the installation process, the system may prompt you for confirmation; proceed by pressing ‘Y’ and then ‘Enter’.
After the installation is complete, it’s important to run the `mysql_secure_installation` script. This script is a security measure that helps remove default settings that are considered insecure. When you run this script, you will be prompted to enter the root password for MariaDB. If you have not set one yet, you can press ‘Enter’ to indicate none and then you will be prompted to create one. It is essential to choose a strong password that includes a mix of letters, numbers, and special characters to enhance security.
The script will also ask you a series of questions regarding the removal of anonymous users, disallowing root login remotely, removing the test database, and reloading privilege tables. It is recommended to answer ‘Y’ to all these questions to ensure that your database server is not left vulnerable to unauthorized access.
Once the initial security configurations are in place, the next step is to create user accounts within MariaDB 11. To do this, access the MariaDB shell by typing `sudo mysql -u root -p` and enter the root password you set earlier. Within the shell, you can create a new user by using the `CREATE USER` statement, followed by the username and host, and then specify the password for the new user. For example:
“`sql
CREATE USER ‘newuser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
“`
Replace ‘newuser’ with the desired username and ‘password’ with a secure password for the account. It is crucial to ensure that each user account has a unique, strong password to prevent unauthorized access.
After creating the user, you need to grant the appropriate privileges. This is done with the `GRANT` statement, which allows you to specify the level of access the new user will have. For instance, to grant all privileges on a database to the user, you would use:
“`sql
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO ‘newuser’@’localhost’;
“`
Make sure to replace ‘database_name’ with the name of the database the user should have access to. After granting the privileges, it is important to flush the privileges to ensure that the changes take effect immediately. This can be done by executing `FLUSH PRIVILEGES;`.
Finally, it is a good practice to regularly review user accounts and privileges to ensure that only necessary permissions are granted and to remove any unused or outdated accounts. This helps maintain a secure database environment.
In conclusion, setting up secure user accounts in MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server involves a series of steps that include installing the database system, running the `mysql_secure_installation` script, creating user accounts with strong passwords, granting appropriate privileges, and regularly reviewing and updating user permissions. By following these guidelines, you can establish a robust security posture for your MariaDB 11 deployment.
Enabling SSL for Secure MariaDB 11 Connections on Ubuntu
Enabling SSL for Secure MariaDB 11 Connections on Ubuntu
In the realm of database management, security is paramount. As cyber threats continue to evolve, it’s crucial to ensure that your database connections are as secure as possible. One effective way to enhance security is by enabling SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) for MariaDB 11 connections on an Ubuntu 18.04 server. SSL encryption helps protect data as it travels between the server and clients, making it much more difficult for unauthorized parties to intercept sensitive information.
To begin the process of securing your MariaDB 11 installation with SSL, you must first ensure that MariaDB is installed on your Ubuntu 18.04 server. If it’s not already installed, you can do so by running the command `sudo apt-get install mariadb-server`. Once the installation is complete, it’s time to focus on configuring SSL.
The first step in configuring SSL is to create a new directory where you will store the SSL certificates and keys. You can create this directory by executing `sudo mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl` and then change to that directory with `cd /etc/mysql/ssl`. Within this directory, you will generate the necessary SSL files.
To generate SSL certificates and keys, you can use the `openssl` command. Begin by creating a Certificate Authority (CA) that will be used to sign your SSL certificates. This can be done with the command `sudo openssl genrsa 4096 > ca-key.pem`, followed by `sudo openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 365000 -key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem`. These commands create a private key and a CA certificate that will be valid for an extended period.
Next, you’ll need to generate a server certificate and key. Run `sudo openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365000 -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem` to create a new private key and certificate signing request (CSR) for the server. Then, to process the CSR and sign it with your CA, use `sudo openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem` and `sudo openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 365000 -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem`.
After generating the server certificate and key, you should also create a client certificate and key using similar commands. This ensures that clients can also establish secure connections to the server.
With the certificates and keys in place, the next step is to configure MariaDB to use them. Edit the MariaDB configuration file by running `sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`. Within this file, you’ll need to add or update the following lines under the `[mysqld]` section to point to your newly generated SSL files:
“`
ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem
ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/server-cert.pem
ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/server-key.pem
“`
Save the changes and exit the editor. To apply the new SSL configuration, restart the MariaDB service with `sudo systemctl restart mariadb`.
Finally, to verify that SSL is enabled and working correctly, log into the MariaDB console using `sudo mysql -u root -p` and run the query `SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘%ssl%’;`. This will display the SSL variables and their respective paths, confirming that SSL is indeed enabled.
By following these steps, you have successfully enabled SSL for MariaDB 11 connections on your Ubuntu 18.04 server, significantly enhancing the security of your database communications. It’s a critical measure in protecting your data and ensuring peace of mind in an increasingly security-conscious digital landscape.
Hardening MariaDB 11 Configuration on an Ubuntu 18.04 Server
Installing and configuring a secure instance of MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server is a critical task for any system administrator or database professional. Ensuring the security of your database is paramount, as it often contains sensitive information that could be exploited if not properly protected. This article will guide you through the process of hardening your MariaDB 11 configuration to enhance its security.
Firstly, you need to install MariaDB 11 on your Ubuntu 18.04 server. Begin by updating the package list with the command `sudo apt update`. Once the package list is updated, install MariaDB by executing `sudo apt install mariadb-server`. During the installation process, the service will start automatically. To ensure that MariaDB is running, use `sudo systemctl status mariadb`. If it’s not running, you can start it with `sudo systemctl start mariadb`.
After the installation, it’s crucial to run the `mysql_secure_installation` script. This script will guide you through several security-related options, including setting a strong root password, removing anonymous users, disallowing remote root login, and removing the test database. Each of these steps reduces potential attack vectors for your database server.
Once the initial security measures are in place, delve deeper into the configuration file. The main configuration file for MariaDB is located at `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`. Before making changes, it’s wise to create a backup of this file. You can do this with `sudo cp /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf ~/`.
Now, open the configuration file with your preferred text editor, such as nano or vim. Look for the `[mysqld]` section, as this is where you’ll make most of your security-related changes. One of the first things to consider is binding MariaDB to the localhost interface to prevent outside connections. This can be done by setting the `bind-address` directive to `127.0.0.1`.
Next, disable remote root login by ensuring the `skip-networking` and `skip-bind-address` options are uncommented. This prevents any attempt to connect to the database as the root user from a remote location, a common target for attackers.
Another important step is to enable SSL encryption for data in transit. MariaDB comes with SSL support, but it’s not enabled by default. You can enable it by specifying the paths to the SSL certificates and keys in the configuration file. Ensure that you have valid SSL certificates in place and that the `ssl-ca`, `ssl-cert`, and `ssl-key` directives point to the correct files.
Additionally, consider implementing a password policy plugin like `simple_password_check` or `cracklib_password_check`. These plugins enforce password complexity requirements, making it harder for attackers to guess or brute-force passwords.
To further harden your MariaDB installation, limit the privileges of the database users. Only grant the necessary permissions required for each user to perform their tasks. This principle of least privilege reduces the risk of damage if a user account is compromised.
After making all the necessary changes, save the configuration file and restart the MariaDB service to apply them with `sudo systemctl restart mariadb`. It’s also a good practice to regularly audit your database and keep MariaDB updated with the latest security patches.
In conclusion, by following these steps to harden your MariaDB 11 configuration on an Ubuntu 18.04 server, you will significantly improve the security of your database system. Regular maintenance, updates, and vigilant monitoring are key to ensuring that your data remains protected against evolving threats.
Automating MariaDB 11 Backups for Security on Ubuntu Systems
Title: How to Install and Configure Secure MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 Server
Installing and configuring a secure instance of MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server is a critical task for any system administrator or database manager. Ensuring that your database is not only running efficiently but also protected against potential threats is paramount. In this article, we will delve into the process of setting up MariaDB 11 and automating backups to enhance security on Ubuntu systems.
To begin with, you must install MariaDB 11 on your Ubuntu 18.04 server. Start by updating the package list using the command `sudo apt update`. Once the package list is updated, install the MariaDB server package with `sudo apt install mariadb-server`. During the installation process, the service will start automatically. To ensure that MariaDB is running, use `sudo systemctl status mariadb`.
After the installation, it’s crucial to run the `mysql_secure_installation` script. This step will help you to set a root password, remove anonymous users, disallow root login remotely, and remove the test database that is accessible by default. Each prompt will guide you through these security enhancements, and it’s recommended to follow the secure options.
Once MariaDB is securely installed, it’s time to focus on automating backups. Regular backups are essential for data recovery in case of accidental loss or corruption. Automating this process ensures that backups are performed consistently without manual intervention, thus reducing the risk of data loss.
To automate backups, you can use the `mysqldump` utility, which is a simple yet effective tool for this purpose. Create a backup script that will use `mysqldump` to export all databases or specific ones to a file. For instance, a basic backup script could look like this:
“`bash
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F)
BACKUP_DIR=”/path/to/your/backup/directory”
mysqldump -u root -pYourPassword –all-databases > “$BACKUP_DIR/db-backup-$DATE.sql”
“`
Replace `YourPassword` with the actual root password and ensure that the `BACKUP_DIR` variable points to a secure location. Make the script executable with `chmod +x /path/to/your/script.sh`.
Next, schedule the backup script to run at regular intervals using `cron`. Edit the crontab for the root user with `sudo crontab -e` and add a line that specifies the frequency of the backups. For example, to run the backup daily at 2 AM, you would add:
“`
0 2 * * * /path/to/your/script.sh
“`
This cron job will trigger the backup script every day at the specified time, creating a new backup file with a date stamp.
It’s also important to consider where these backups are stored. Ideally, they should be kept in a secure, off-site location to protect against physical disasters. You can use rsync, SCP, or any cloud storage service to transfer the backups to a remote server or cloud storage after the local backup is completed.
Finally, test your backup and restore process regularly. This step is often overlooked, but it’s critical to ensure that your backups are not only being created but are also valid and can be restored successfully. A backup is only as good as its ability to be restored, so periodic testing will give you confidence in your disaster recovery capabilities.
In conclusion, installing and configuring MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server requires attention to security details. By automating backups, you add an additional layer of security, ensuring that your data remains safe and recoverable in any eventuality. With these steps, you can maintain a robust and secure database environment that stands up to the demands of modern data management.
Tuning and Optimizing MariaDB 11 Performance on Ubuntu 18.04
Installing and configuring MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 requires a careful approach to ensure both security and optimal performance. MariaDB, a popular open-source database management system and a fork of MySQL, is widely used for its reliability and ease of use. However, to fully leverage its capabilities, one must tune and optimize the server settings according to the specific workload and use case.
To begin with, the installation process is straightforward. First, update the package list on your Ubuntu server with the command `sudo apt update`. Following this, install the MariaDB server package using `sudo apt install mariadb-server`. Once the installation is complete, it’s crucial to run the `sudo mysql_secure_installation` script. This script will guide you through several security-related configurations, such as setting a root password, removing anonymous users, and disabling remote root login.
After securing the initial setup, the next step is to tune the performance of your MariaDB server. The primary configuration file for MariaDB is `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf` on Ubuntu 18.04. Before making any changes, it is advisable to create a backup of this file. You can do this with the command `sudo cp /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf ~/50-server.cnf.backup`.
One of the first parameters to consider is the `innodb_buffer_pool_size`, which determines the amount of memory allocated for caching InnoDB data and indexes. Ideally, this should be set to about 70-80% of your server’s total memory if MariaDB is the primary service running on the server. Adjusting this value can significantly impact performance, as it reduces disk I/O by keeping frequently accessed data in memory.
Next, consider the `max_connections` setting, which defines the maximum number of simultaneous client connections. The default value may be too low for high-traffic environments, leading to connection errors during peak times. Monitor your usage and increase this value as needed, keeping in mind that each connection requires memory and can impact overall server performance.
Query performance can be further enhanced by fine-tuning the `query_cache_size`. This parameter specifies the amount of memory allocated for caching query results. However, the query cache has been deprecated in MySQL 8.0 and may be removed in future MariaDB releases, so it’s important to use this feature judiciously and stay informed about the latest best practices.
Another critical aspect is the `tmp_table_size` and `max_heap_table_size` settings, which control the maximum size of internal in-memory temporary tables. Queries that require temporary tables exceeding this size will use disk-based tables, which are considerably slower. Therefore, increasing these values can improve performance for complex queries that use temporary tables extensively.
It’s also essential to regularly monitor your server’s performance and adjust these settings as your database grows and your workload changes. Tools like `mysqltuner` or `tuning-primer` can be used to analyze your current configuration and suggest optimizations.
Finally, always ensure that you test any changes in a staging environment before applying them to your production server. Sudden changes to configuration parameters can have unintended consequences, and it’s best to proceed with caution.
In conclusion, while installing MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 is a relatively simple task, tuning and optimizing its performance requires a thoughtful and ongoing effort. By carefully adjusting key configuration settings and monitoring the server’s behavior, you can ensure that your MariaDB installation is both secure and operating at its full potential.
Troubleshooting Common MariaDB 11 Installation Issues on Ubuntu Server
Installing and configuring MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 Server can be a straightforward process, but occasionally, users may encounter issues that can hinder the installation or configuration of the database system. In this article, we will delve into troubleshooting common problems that may arise during the installation of MariaDB 11 on an Ubuntu server, ensuring a secure and successful setup.
Firstly, it is essential to ensure that your Ubuntu server is up to date. Before initiating the installation of MariaDB 11, run the `sudo apt update` and `sudo apt upgrade` commands to update your system’s package list and upgrade existing packages to their latest versions. This step can prevent compatibility issues that may arise from outdated software.
When you begin the installation process, one common issue is the inability to locate the MariaDB 11 package. This problem typically occurs because MariaDB 11 is not available in the default Ubuntu repositories. To resolve this, you need to add the official MariaDB repository to your system. You can do this by importing the MariaDB repository package signing key using `sudo apt-key adv –fetch-keys` followed by the appropriate key server URL. Then, add the MariaDB repository with the `sudo add-apt-repository` command, specifying the correct repository information for MariaDB 11.
After adding the repository and updating the package list again, you should be able to install MariaDB 11 using the `sudo apt install mariadb-server` command. If you encounter dependency issues during installation, it may be necessary to resolve these by manually installing the missing dependencies or by using the `sudo apt -f install` command to fix broken packages.
Once MariaDB 11 is installed, securing the installation is the next critical step. Running the `sudo mysql_secure_installation` script will guide you through a series of prompts to remove anonymous users, disable remote root login, and remove the test database. It is crucial to follow these steps to enhance the security of your database server.
However, if you run into problems when executing the secure installation script, such as being unable to log in with the root user, it may be due to the authentication method used by MariaDB. By default, MariaDB uses unix_socket authentication for the root user, which allows login without a password when connected via the Unix socket as the Unix root user. To change this, you can access the MariaDB prompt using `sudo mysql` and then run the appropriate `ALTER USER` command to set a password for the root user.
Another common issue is related to configuring the `bind-address` in the MariaDB configuration file, typically located at `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`. If you plan to connect to your MariaDB server from remote hosts, you must set the `bind-address` directive to your server’s IP address or `0.0.0.0` to listen on all interfaces. Failure to configure this correctly can result in connection issues from remote clients.
Lastly, always ensure that your firewall is configured to allow traffic on the default MariaDB port, which is 3306. If you are using `ufw`, you can allow traffic with `sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp`. Without this step, even if MariaDB is correctly installed and configured, external connections will be blocked.
In conclusion, while installing and configuring MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 Server is generally a smooth process, being aware of and knowing how to troubleshoot common issues can save time and prevent frustration. By keeping your system updated, carefully adding the correct repository, securing your installation, and properly configuring network settings and firewall rules, you can ensure a secure and functional MariaDB 11 setup on your Ubuntu server.
Conclusion
As of my last update, MariaDB 11 has not been released. However, to install and configure a secure version of MariaDB on Ubuntu 18.04 server, you would typically follow these steps:
1. Update the package list:
“`
sudo apt update
“`
2. Install MariaDB server:
“`
sudo apt install mariadb-server
“`
3. Secure the installation:
“`
sudo mysql_secure_installation
“`
This script will guide you through setting a root password, removing anonymous users, disallowing root login remotely, removing test databases, and reloading privilege tables.
4. Optionally, run the ‘mysql_install_db’ script if you need to initialize the MariaDB data directory.
5. Configure MariaDB to start on boot:
“`
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
“`
6. Start the MariaDB service:
“`
sudo systemctl start mariadb
“`
7. Log in to MariaDB to set up a new database and user:
“`
sudo mysql -u root -p
“`
8. Create a new database and user with privileges:
“`
CREATE DATABASE exampledb;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON exampledb.* TO ‘exampleuser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;
“`
9. Edit the MariaDB configuration file `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf` to adjust settings like bind-address, port, and character set as needed.
10. Restart MariaDB to apply the changes:
“`
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
“`
11. Ensure that the firewall allows traffic on the MariaDB port (default is 3306) if necessary.
Conclusion:
To install and configure a secure MariaDB server on Ubuntu 18.04, you need to install the software, run the secure installation script, optionally initialize the data directory, enable and start the service, create a database and user, adjust the configuration file, and manage firewall settings. Always ensure you’re using the latest stable release for security and functionality.