-
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Introduction to Zabbix Monitoring Tool
- Installing Zabbix Server on Ubuntu 20.04
- Configuring Zabbix Server and Database
- Setting up Zabbix Web Interface
- Adding Hosts and Monitoring Items in Zabbix
- Creating Triggers and Actions in Zabbix
- Advanced Configuration and Customization in Zabbix
- Conclusion
A step-by-step guide to setting up Zabbix Monitoring Tool on Ubuntu 20.04.
Introduction
Zabbix is an open-source monitoring tool that allows you to monitor various aspects of your IT infrastructure. It provides real-time monitoring, alerting, and visualization of data. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of setting up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04.
Introduction to Zabbix Monitoring Tool
Zabbix is a powerful open-source monitoring tool that allows you to track the performance and availability of various network services, servers, and other network devices. It provides a comprehensive solution for monitoring your infrastructure and helps you identify and resolve issues before they impact your business.
In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu is a popular Linux distribution known for its ease of use and stability, making it an excellent choice for hosting Zabbix.
Before we dive into the installation process, let’s take a moment to understand what Zabbix is and why it is such a valuable tool for system administrators and IT professionals.
Zabbix offers a wide range of monitoring capabilities, including network and server monitoring, application monitoring, and cloud monitoring. It allows you to collect data from various sources, such as SNMP devices, IPMI-enabled machines, and JMX-enabled applications.
One of the key features of Zabbix is its ability to send alerts and notifications when predefined thresholds are exceeded or when specific events occur. This ensures that you are promptly notified of any issues that may arise, allowing you to take immediate action.
Zabbix also provides a user-friendly web interface that allows you to visualize and analyze the collected data. You can create custom dashboards, graphs, and reports to gain insights into the performance and health of your infrastructure.
Now that we have a basic understanding of Zabbix, let’s move on to the installation process. The first step is to ensure that your Ubuntu 20.04 server meets the system requirements for running Zabbix.
You will need a server with at least 2GB of RAM, a dual-core CPU, and sufficient disk space to store the collected data. It is also recommended to have a static IP address for your server to ensure consistent access.
Once you have a suitable server, you can begin the installation process. Start by updating your system’s package list and upgrading any existing packages to their latest versions. This can be done by running the following commands:
“`
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
“`
Next, you will need to install the necessary dependencies for Zabbix. These include a web server (such as Apache or Nginx), a database server (such as MySQL or PostgreSQL), and PHP. You can install these packages using the following command:
“`
sudo apt install apache2 mysql-server php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql
“`
During the installation process, you will be prompted to set a password for the MySQL root user. Make sure to choose a strong password and remember it for future use.
Once the dependencies are installed, you can proceed with the installation of Zabbix itself. Start by adding the Zabbix repository to your system’s package sources:
“`
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo apt update
“`
After adding the repository, you can install the Zabbix server, frontend, and agent packages using the following command:
“`
sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-agent
“`
During the installation process, you will be prompted to configure the database for Zabbix. Enter the MySQL root password that you set earlier and create a new database for Zabbix.
Once the installation is complete, you will need to configure the Zabbix server and frontend. This involves editing the Zabbix server configuration file and the PHP configuration file for the Zabbix frontend.
Finally, you can start the Zabbix server and agent services and access the Zabbix web interface using your server’s IP address. From there, you can log in with the default credentials (Admin/zabbix) and begin configuring your monitoring environment.
In conclusion, Zabbix is a powerful monitoring tool that provides a comprehensive solution for monitoring your infrastructure. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily set up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04 and start monitoring your network services, servers, and other devices.
Installing Zabbix Server on Ubuntu 20.04
Zabbix is a powerful open-source monitoring tool that allows you to track the performance and availability of your IT infrastructure. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04, so you can start monitoring your systems in no time.
To begin, you will need a fresh installation of Ubuntu 20.04. Once you have your server up and running, the first step is to update the system packages. Open a terminal and run the following command:
“`
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
“`
This will ensure that your system is up to date with the latest security patches and bug fixes.
Next, you will need to install some prerequisite packages. Zabbix requires a web server, database server, and PHP. We will be using Apache as the web server, MySQL as the database server, and PHP for the scripting language. Run the following command to install these packages:
“`
sudo apt install apache2 mysql-server php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql -y
“`
During the installation process, you will be prompted to set a password for the MySQL root user. Make sure to choose a strong password and remember it for later.
Once the installation is complete, you will need to configure the database for Zabbix. Start by logging into the MySQL server as the root user:
“`
sudo mysql -u root -p
“`
Enter the password you set during the installation process. Once you are logged in, create a new database for Zabbix:
“`
CREATE DATABASE zabbixdb character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
“`
Next, create a new user and grant it privileges on the database:
“`
CREATE USER ‘zabbixuser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbixdb.* TO ‘zabbixuser’@’localhost’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
“`
Make sure to replace ‘password’ with a strong password of your choice. Exit the MySQL server by typing ‘exit’.
Now it’s time to download and install Zabbix. Start by adding the Zabbix repository to your system:
“`
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo apt update
“`
Once the repository is added, you can install the Zabbix server, frontend, and agent:
“`
sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-agent -y
“`
During the installation process, you will be prompted to configure the database connection. Enter the following details:
– Database type: MySQL
– Database host: localhost
– Database port: leave blank
– Database name: zabbixdb
– Database user: zabbixuser
– Database password: the password you set earlier
After the installation is complete, you will need to configure the Zabbix server. Open the Zabbix server configuration file in a text editor:
“`
sudo nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
“`
Find the line that starts with ‘DBPassword=’ and enter the password you set for the database user. Save the file and exit the text editor.
Now, restart the Zabbix server and agent:
“`
sudo systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2
sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2
“`
Finally, open a web browser and enter your server’s IP address or domain name followed by ‘/zabbix’. You will be greeted with the Zabbix setup wizard. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the setup process.
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04. You can now start adding hosts, configuring triggers, and monitoring your IT infrastructure. Enjoy the power of Zabbix and keep your systems running smoothly.
Configuring Zabbix Server and Database
Zabbix is a powerful open-source monitoring tool that allows you to track the performance and availability of your IT infrastructure. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04. In this section, we will focus on configuring the Zabbix server and database.
First, let’s start by installing the necessary packages. Open a terminal and update the package list by running the command:
“`
sudo apt update
“`
Once the update is complete, install the Apache web server, PHP, and MySQL database by running the following command:
“`
sudo apt install apache2 php mysql-server
“`
During the installation process, you will be prompted to set a password for the MySQL root user. Make sure to choose a strong password and remember it for later use.
Next, we need to create a database and user for Zabbix. Log in to the MySQL server as the root user by running the command:
“`
sudo mysql -u root -p
“`
Enter the password you set during the installation process. Once you are logged in, create a new database by running the following command:
“`
CREATE DATABASE zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
“`
After creating the database, create a new user and grant it privileges on the database by running the following commands:
“`
CREATE USER ‘zabbix’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO ‘zabbix’@’localhost’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
“`
Make sure to replace ‘password’ with a strong password of your choice.
Now that the database and user are set up, we can proceed with configuring the Zabbix server. Start by adding the Zabbix repository to your system by running the following commands:
“`
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo apt update
“`
Once the repository is added, install the Zabbix server and frontend packages by running the following command:
“`
sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-agent
“`
During the installation process, you will be prompted to configure the database for Zabbix. Choose ‘Yes’ and enter the database details you set up earlier.
After the installation is complete, we need to import the initial schema and data into the Zabbix database. Run the following command:
“`
sudo zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | sudo mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix
“`
You will be prompted to enter the password for the Zabbix database user.
Finally, we need to configure the Zabbix server and frontend. Open the Zabbix server configuration file in a text editor by running the command:
“`
sudo nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
“`
Locate the line that starts with ‘DBPassword=’ and enter the password for the Zabbix database user.
Save the file and exit the text editor. Next, open the Zabbix PHP configuration file by running the command:
“`
sudo nano /etc/zabbix/apache.conf
“`
Locate the line that starts with ‘php_value date.timezone’ and set the appropriate timezone for your location. Save the file and exit the text editor.
Now, restart the Apache web server and enable the Zabbix server and agent to start on boot by running the following commands:
“`
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl enable –now zabbix-server zabbix-agent
“`
That’s it! You have successfully configured the Zabbix server and database on Ubuntu 20.04. In the next section, we will cover the process of configuring Zabbix agents and adding hosts to monitor. Stay tuned!
Setting up Zabbix Web Interface
Zabbix is a powerful open-source monitoring tool that allows you to track the performance and availability of your IT infrastructure. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up the Zabbix web interface on Ubuntu 20.04.
Before we begin, make sure you have a fresh installation of Ubuntu 20.04 and administrative privileges. Let’s get started!
First, we need to install the necessary packages for Zabbix. Open a terminal and update the package list by running the following command:
“`
sudo apt update
“`
Once the update is complete, we can proceed with the installation of the required packages. Type the following command to install the Apache web server, PHP, and the necessary PHP extensions:
“`
sudo apt install apache2 php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-bcmath php-mbstring php-ldap php-xmlwriter
“`
During the installation, you will be prompted to confirm the installation of the packages. Press ‘Y’ and hit Enter to proceed.
After the installation is complete, we need to configure Apache to serve the Zabbix web interface. Open the Apache configuration file using the following command:
“`
sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/zabbix.conf
“`
In the file, add the following lines:
“`
Alias /zabbix /usr/share/zabbix
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
“`
Save the file and exit the text editor.
Next, enable the Apache configuration by creating a symbolic link:
“`
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/conf-available/zabbix.conf /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/
“`
Now, restart the Apache service to apply the changes:
“`
sudo systemctl restart apache2
“`
With Apache configured, we can proceed with the installation of the Zabbix web interface. Download the latest Zabbix release from the official website using the following command:
“`
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
“`
Once the download is complete, install the package by running:
“`
sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
“`
Update the package list again:
“`
sudo apt update
“`
Finally, install the Zabbix web interface package:
“`
sudo apt install zabbix-web-mysql
“`
During the installation, you will be prompted to configure the database for Zabbix. Choose ‘Yes’ and hit Enter to proceed. Enter the MySQL root password when prompted.
After the installation is complete, we need to import the initial database schema and data. Run the following command:
“`
sudo zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-web-mysql*/create.sql.gz | sudo mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix
“`
You will be prompted to enter the password for the ‘zabbix’ MySQL user. Enter the password and hit Enter to import the database.
Finally, we need to configure the Zabbix web interface to connect to the database. Open the Zabbix configuration file using the following command:
“`
sudo nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix.conf.php
“`
In the file, locate the line that starts with ‘$DB[‘PASSWORD’]’ and enter the password for the ‘zabbix’ MySQL user.
Save the file and exit the text editor.
That’s it! You have successfully set up the Zabbix web interface on Ubuntu 20.04. You can now access the Zabbix web interface by opening a web browser and navigating to ‘http://your_server_ip/zabbix’. Log in with the default credentials (Username: ‘Admin’, Password: ‘zabbix’) and start monitoring your IT infrastructure.
In this article, we have covered the detailed steps to set up the Zabbix web interface on Ubuntu 20.04. By following these instructions, you can easily deploy Zabbix and begin monitoring your systems. Happy monitoring!
Adding Hosts and Monitoring Items in Zabbix
Zabbix is a powerful open-source monitoring tool that allows you to keep track of the performance and availability of your IT infrastructure. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04 and adding hosts and monitoring items to it.
Once you have successfully installed Zabbix on your Ubuntu 20.04 server, the next step is to add hosts to be monitored. A host can be any device or system that you want to monitor, such as servers, network devices, or virtual machines.
To add a host in Zabbix, you need to log in to the Zabbix web interface using your admin credentials. Once logged in, navigate to the “Configuration” tab and click on “Hosts.” Here, you will find a list of existing hosts, if any.
To add a new host, click on the “Create host” button. You will be prompted to enter the host’s name, which should be a unique identifier for the device or system you are monitoring. You can also provide an optional description to help you identify the host later.
Next, you need to specify the host’s IP address or DNS name. This is the address that Zabbix will use to connect to the host and retrieve monitoring data. Make sure to enter the correct IP address or DNS name to ensure proper communication.
In the “Groups” section, you can assign the host to one or more host groups. Host groups are used to organize and categorize hosts in Zabbix. For example, you can create a host group for servers, another for network devices, and so on. Assigning hosts to appropriate groups makes it easier to manage and monitor them.
After assigning the host to a group, you can configure the host’s interfaces. An interface represents a network connection through which Zabbix can communicate with the host. By default, Zabbix supports various types of interfaces, including IP, DNS, and JMX. Select the appropriate interface type and provide the necessary details, such as the IP address and port number.
Once you have configured the host’s interfaces, you can move on to adding monitoring items. Monitoring items are specific metrics or parameters that you want to monitor on the host. For example, you can monitor CPU usage, memory usage, disk space, network traffic, and more.
To add a monitoring item, go to the “Items” tab and click on “Create item.” Here, you can specify the item’s name, key, and value type. The key is a unique identifier for the item, and it determines how Zabbix retrieves the monitoring data. You can choose from a wide range of pre-defined keys or create custom ones.
In addition to the key, you need to specify the item’s value type, which can be numeric, character, log, or text. This determines how Zabbix interprets and displays the monitoring data.
Once you have added the monitoring items, you can save the changes and start monitoring the host. Zabbix will collect data from the host based on the configured monitoring items and display it in the web interface.
Adding hosts and monitoring items in Zabbix is a straightforward process that allows you to keep a close eye on your IT infrastructure. By monitoring key metrics and parameters, you can identify and resolve issues before they impact your system’s performance and availability. So, go ahead and set up Zabbix on your Ubuntu 20.04 server to take advantage of its powerful monitoring capabilities.
Creating Triggers and Actions in Zabbix
Creating Triggers and Actions in Zabbix
Now that you have successfully installed and configured Zabbix on your Ubuntu 20.04 server, it’s time to take advantage of its powerful monitoring capabilities. In this section, we will explore how to create triggers and actions in Zabbix to automate notifications and responses based on specific events.
Triggers are the heart of Zabbix’s monitoring system. They allow you to define conditions that, when met, will trigger an action. An action, on the other hand, is a set of operations that Zabbix will perform when a trigger is activated. These operations can include sending notifications, executing remote commands, or even restarting services.
To create a trigger in Zabbix, you need to navigate to the “Configuration” tab and select “Triggers” from the sidebar. Click on the “Create trigger” button to start defining your trigger. Give it a meaningful name and description to easily identify its purpose.
Next, you will need to specify the conditions that will trigger the action. Zabbix provides a wide range of options to choose from, including simple comparisons, regular expressions, and logical expressions. For example, you can create a trigger that activates when the CPU usage exceeds a certain threshold or when a specific log entry appears.
Once you have defined the trigger conditions, you can move on to configuring the actions. Click on the “Add” button to create a new action. Give it a name and select the type of operation you want Zabbix to perform when the trigger is activated. You can choose from sending an email, executing a remote command, or even running a custom script.
If you choose to send an email, you will need to provide the recipient’s email address, subject, and message. Zabbix allows you to use macros in the email subject and message, which will be replaced with actual values when the notification is sent. This feature is particularly useful when you want to include dynamic information in your notifications, such as the hostname or the trigger value.
In addition to sending notifications, you can also configure Zabbix to execute remote commands when a trigger is activated. This can be useful for automating responses to specific events. For example, you can create an action that restarts a service when it becomes unresponsive or runs a script to perform a specific task.
Zabbix also provides advanced options for fine-tuning your triggers and actions. You can set up dependencies between triggers, so that an action is only executed when specific conditions are met. This can help reduce unnecessary notifications and ensure that actions are only performed when they are truly needed.
Furthermore, you can configure escalation steps for your actions. This means that if a trigger remains active for a certain period of time, Zabbix can perform additional operations, such as sending notifications to a different group of users or executing a different set of commands. This feature is particularly useful when you want to implement a hierarchical notification system or perform different actions based on the severity of the event.
In conclusion, creating triggers and actions in Zabbix allows you to automate notifications and responses based on specific events. By defining trigger conditions and configuring actions, you can ensure that you are promptly notified and take appropriate actions when issues arise in your infrastructure. With Zabbix’s powerful monitoring capabilities, you can stay on top of your system’s health and performance, ensuring a smooth and reliable operation.
Advanced Configuration and Customization in Zabbix
Zabbix is a powerful open-source monitoring tool that allows you to track the performance and availability of various network services, servers, and other devices. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04, focusing on advanced configuration and customization options.
Before we dive into the advanced features, let’s quickly recap the basic installation process. First, you need to ensure that your Ubuntu 20.04 system meets the minimum requirements for running Zabbix. This includes having a supported version of Ubuntu, sufficient disk space, and necessary system resources.
Once you have verified the prerequisites, you can proceed with the installation. Start by updating your system’s package list and upgrading all installed packages. This ensures that you have the latest versions of all software components. Next, you will need to install the necessary dependencies, such as Apache, PHP, and MySQL.
After installing the dependencies, you can download the Zabbix software package from the official website or add the Zabbix repository to your system. The repository method is recommended as it simplifies the process of keeping your Zabbix installation up to date.
Once you have installed Zabbix, you can access the web interface by entering the IP address or domain name of your Ubuntu server in a web browser. You will be prompted to complete the initial setup, which involves creating a database, configuring database access, and setting up an administrative user.
Now that you have a basic Zabbix installation up and running, let’s explore some advanced configuration options. One of the key features of Zabbix is its ability to monitor a wide range of devices and services. To add new hosts to your monitoring setup, you can navigate to the “Configuration” tab in the web interface and select “Hosts.” From there, you can add hosts manually or import them from a CSV file.
Zabbix also allows you to create custom templates for monitoring specific devices or services. Templates define the items, triggers, and graphs that will be used to monitor a particular host. You can create templates from scratch or use existing templates as a starting point. Once you have created a template, you can apply it to multiple hosts, making it easy to manage large-scale monitoring deployments.
In addition to monitoring hosts, Zabbix can also monitor network services, such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and more. To configure service monitoring, you can navigate to the “Configuration” tab and select “Services.” From there, you can add new services and define the checks that should be performed.
Zabbix also provides a powerful notification system that allows you to receive alerts when certain conditions are met. You can configure notifications to be sent via email, SMS, or other methods. To set up notifications, navigate to the “Administration” tab and select “Media types.” From there, you can configure the desired notification methods and assign them to users or user groups.
Another advanced feature of Zabbix is its ability to create custom dashboards and reports. Dashboards allow you to visualize the data collected by Zabbix in a way that is meaningful to you. You can create graphs, maps, and screens that display the information you need at a glance. Reports, on the other hand, allow you to generate detailed summaries of your monitoring data, which can be useful for analysis and troubleshooting.
In conclusion, Zabbix is a versatile monitoring tool that offers a wide range of advanced configuration and customization options. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can set up Zabbix on Ubuntu 20.04 and take advantage of its powerful features to monitor your network services, servers, and other devices. Whether you are a system administrator or a network engineer, Zabbix can help you keep a close eye on the health and performance of your infrastructure.
Conclusion
To conclude, setting up Zabbix monitoring tool on Ubuntu 20.04 involves the following steps:
1. Update the system: Run the command `sudo apt update` to update the package lists for upgrades and new package installations.
2. Install Apache and PHP: Install Apache web server and PHP by running the command `sudo apt install apache2 php libapache2-mod-php`.
3. Install MariaDB: Install the MariaDB database server using the command `sudo apt install mariadb-server`.
4. Configure MariaDB: Secure the MariaDB installation by running the command `sudo mysql_secure_installation`. Follow the prompts to set a root password and remove anonymous users, test database, and remote login.
5. Create a database for Zabbix: Log in to MariaDB using the command `sudo mysql -u root -p`. Enter the root password and create a new database for Zabbix using the command `CREATE DATABASE zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;`.
6. Create a user for Zabbix: Create a new user and grant necessary privileges to the Zabbix database using the commands:
“`
CREATE USER ‘zabbix’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO ‘zabbix’@’localhost’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
“`
7. Install Zabbix server and frontend: Add the Zabbix repository key and repository to the system using the commands:
“`
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.4-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
sudo apt update
“`
Then, install the Zabbix server and frontend packages using the command `sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php`.
8. Configure Zabbix server: Edit the Zabbix server configuration file `/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf` and update the database connection settings. Set the following parameters:
“`
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=password
“`
9. Import initial schema and data: Import the initial schema and data to the Zabbix database using the command `sudo zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | sudo mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix`.
10. Configure PHP settings: Edit the PHP configuration file `/etc/zabbix/apache.conf` and update the timezone setting to match your location. Set the following parameter:
“`
php_value date.timezone Europe/London
“`
11. Start Zabbix server and frontend: Start the Zabbix server and frontend services using the commands:
“`
sudo systemctl start zabbix-server
sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server
sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2
“`
12. Access Zabbix web interface: Open a web browser and enter the URL `http://your_server_ip/zabbix`. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the Zabbix installation.
By following these steps, you can successfully set up Zabbix monitoring tool on Ubuntu 20.04.